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A Brief History of Distance Education and Online Certification
The origins of distance education trace back to a small advertisement by Caleb Phillips in the Boston Gazette on March 20, 1728. He offered correspondence lessons for a shorthand course, becoming one of the earliest references to distance learning. However, Isaac Pitman is more widely recognized as the true pioneer of distance education. In 1840, Pitman taught shorthand through correspondence in Bath, England, where students transcribed Bible passages into shorthand and returned them by mail for correction.
These early examples are significant as they paved the way for modern online certificate programs. Online education is a type of distance education, defined as learning where teachers and students are geographically separated. Over time, distance education evolved from postal services to radio and television, eventually adopting the Internet as its primary medium.
The Emergence of Online Education
Online education, as we know it today, began in 1989 when the University of Phoenix utilized CompuServe, one of the first consumer online services. With the advent of the Internet in 1991, the University of Phoenix quickly transitioned to offering online programs, setting a new standard in education. In 1992, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation developed the Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALN), focusing on educational opportunities for non-traditional students.
From the early to mid-1990s, colleges and universities experimented with online courses. In 1998, online education saw a significant rise, particularly among traditional non-profit institutions. New York University (NYU) became the first large non-profit university to launch a for-profit online education subsidiary, NYU Online, in October 1998. This was soon followed by the California Virtual University in November 1998. While many of these early online institutions closed due to challenges in understanding online learning dynamics, some, like the University of Phoenix, have persisted and thrived.
Online Certificate Programs: A New Avenue for Learning
Online schools today mirror traditional institutions in offering certificates, diplomas, and degrees. The primary difference lies in the method of instruction—most content in online education is delivered through computers and the Internet, with about 80% of course content accessed online.
This guide focuses specifically on online certificate programs, outlining their key characteristics, employment potential, and application requirements.
What Are Online Certificate Programs?
Online certificate programs consist of short-term, specialized training classes in a range of subjects, from technical-vocational skills to academic fields like accounting, communications, and education. These programs are available at both undergraduate and graduate levels. In both cases, the goal is to provide students with a competitive edge through practical skills that meet the needs of employers, alongside theoretical knowledge.
Distinguishing Online Certificates, Diplomas, and Degrees
It’s essential to understand that online certificate programs are non-degree programs. Unlike degrees (e.g., associate, bachelor’s, or master’s), completing a certificate program results in a certificate rather than a diploma or degree. Here’s a breakdown of the differences:
Online Certificate Programs: These programs typically focus on specialization in technical fields like web programming, bookkeeping, or bioinformatics. Most programs emphasize hands-on training, which helps students develop practical skills. Application requirements vary: undergraduate certificates may require a high school diploma or GED, while graduate certificates often require a bachelor’s degree. Most can be completed within an academic year and range between 20 to 30 credits.
Online Diploma Programs: Diplomas provide a balance of formal coursework and hands-on training, offering a step up from certificate programs. They generally take one to two years to complete and are more comprehensive, earning between 40 to 60 credits. Admission requirements are similar to certificate programs, and fields of study include graphic and web design, paralegal studies, I.T. management, and more.
Online Degree Programs: These include associate, bachelor’s, and master’s degree programs. While many institutions offer fully online degree options, others require a blend of online and in-person learning. Admission requirements mirror those of traditional in-person programs. For example, an associate degree may require a high school diploma or GED, transcripts, and standardized test scores, while bachelor’s programs may ask for additional elements like recommendation letters or personal essays.
Career Pathways for Certificate Holders
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 33 occupations require a certificate or other types of post-secondary, non-degree training. The most popular certificate programs/occupations are in:
- Healthcare
- Personal care and protective care
- Repair and production
- Business, computer, and engineering
A few examples of occupations that require certification and their mean annual salary as of May 2019 (in parentheses) are briefly discussed below.
- Certified nursing assistants ($30,720) have completed a certification program, passed a state-mandated nursing competency exam, and are listed on the CAN registry.
- Certified pharmacy technicians ($33,950) have undergone accredited pharmacy technician programs, including a minimum of 600 hours of formal instruction in a 15-week duration. The accrediting organization is the American Society of Health System Pharmacists.
- Licensed massage therapists ($42,820) usually complete an accredited certificate program with at least 500 hours of training, pass a certification exam, and comply with other CPR training requirements. The state or the federal government may administer the certification exam, known as the Massage and Bodywork Licensing Examination (MBLEx).
- Medical records and health information technicians ($42,630) aren’t required by law to be certified since post-secondary education is sufficient for entry-level positions. But most employers prefer certified employees, such as Certified Tumor Registrar (CTR) and Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT).
- Dental assistants ($40,080) are graduates of accredited programs, typically offered by technical-vocational schools and community colleges, and passed a certification exam. The certificate program takes a year to complete, but two-year programs lead to an associate degree. Look for the Commission on Dental Accreditation guarantee when considering a dental assistant program.
- Automotive service technicians and mechanics ($44,890) have varying certification requirements depending on their specific occupation. Technicians who handle refrigerants must be certified according to the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations. Service technicians may not be required by law to acquire certification, but most employers prefer it. Look for the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) accreditation.
- Court reporters ($60,130) and simultaneous captioners have certification from agencies like the National Court Reporters Association, the American Association of Electronic Reporters and Transcribers, and the National Verbatim Reporters Association. In turn, these certification organizations require candidates to undergo formal training and pass a licensure exam.
- HVAC technicians ($48,730) received post-secondary education in heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration, such as in a 6-month certification program. The licensing requirements vary by state, but many HVAC technicians take a certification exam and undergo an apprenticeship to improve their employment opportunities.
- Architectural and civil drafters ($58,080) may or may not have certification, but most employers prefer it because it demonstrates practical skills. For certification purposes, they must pass a drafter certification exam after completing a certification program.
- Industrial engineering technicians ($56,550) assist industrial engineers in creating systems that integrate man, materials, and machines, among other elements, in the manufacture or a product or service provision. Their practical training often has an employer-centric focus.
Indeed, dozens of trade and career certificate programs become the ticket to entry-level jobs and promotions!
Is an Online Certificate Your Best Option?
An online certificate can be a great choice if you aim to achieve any of the following goals:
Professional Development: Certificate programs offer a solid foundation for both employment and entrepreneurship, providing valuable skills and knowledge for a successful career path.
Career Change: If you are looking to transition to a new career, online certificates can equip you with the necessary skills. For example, transitioning from a dental assistant to an architectural drafter can be made easier with the right certification program.
Skill Specialization: Enhance your existing skills or gain new ones in your current field. This can support career advancement or help you achieve a higher level of mastery.
Resume Enhancement: Impress potential employers with specialized qualifications on your resume. A certificate can be the key to making a strong first impression.
Who Enrolls in Online Certificate Programs?
Based on the above goals, online certificate programs typically attract three types of learners:
Aspiring Academics: These individuals have completed high school but are not yet ready for a degree program. They seek occupations with good job prospects and salaries after a short period of post-secondary training, usually within a year. Many are between 18-24 years old.
Career Accelerators: These individuals are looking for career advancement. They often work in industries that value certification or post-secondary specialist training and typically balance their jobs with online studies.
Industry Switchers: Dissatisfied with their current career, they see online certificate programs as a quick and cost-effective way to transition into a new field.
While online certificates have many benefits, they aren't for everyone. It’s important to weigh the pros and cons of online study before making a decision. Key advantages include cost savings, quality of education, and flexibility.
Tips for Choosing the Right Online Certificate Program
Once you've decided on an online certificate program, take care in choosing the right one for you. Here are essential factors to consider:
Accreditation: Check the school’s accreditation and verify its status with the accrediting agency. This ensures that the program meets academic standards.
Reputation: Read reviews and ask for recommendations. The experiences of former students can provide insights into the program's quality, flexibility, and rigor.
Quality of Instruction: Look into the faculty’s credentials and the curriculum’s structure. The courses and hands-on training should align with your learning goals. For instance, a C++ programming certificate might include courses spread over three quarters, combining online classes with real-time meetings.
Cost: Balance the program’s tuition with your budget. Remember, a higher price doesn’t always mean better quality. Look for scholarships and financial aid options that could ease the financial burden.
Flexibility: Decide between synchronous programs, which offer structured class times, and asynchronous programs, which allow for more flexibility. Choose based on your personal schedule and learning style.
Proximity: If your program includes in-person practicums or requires occasional campus visits, living nearby can save time and money. Proximity is less relevant for fully online programs but can be beneficial for hybrid formats.
In-State vs. Out-of-State Tuition: Many schools have higher rates for out-of-state students, but there are ways to reduce costs, such as scholarships, military discounts, or participating in initiatives like the Academic Common Market. This can enable out-of-state students to pay in-state tuition rates.
Transfer of Credits: Ensure the program has a favorable transfer policy. This is particularly important if you plan to continue your education with an associate’s or bachelor’s degree. Many regionally accredited schools allow credit transfers, but it’s important to verify the details.
Succeeding in an Online Certification Program
Choosing the right program is the first step toward success. Once enrolled, follow these strategies to thrive in your online studies:
Familiarize Yourself with the Tools: Most online programs use learning management systems like Moodle or Blackboard. Practice using these platforms before classes start to avoid technical difficulties later.
Establish a Study Routine: Online courses can lack the structure of in-person classes. Create a schedule that fits your lifestyle, set specific study times, and find a space conducive to learning.
Manage Expectations: Communicate with instructors to understand course requirements, deadlines, and grading criteria. This will help you set realistic expectations for yourself and reduce frustration.
Leverage Your Learning Community: Although online learning can feel isolating, you have a community of peers and instructors to support you. Engage with them through forums, virtual study groups, and other interactive platforms.
Conclusion
An online certificate program can be an excellent pathway for career advancement, skill-building, or transitioning into a new industry. By carefully selecting the right program and preparing for the unique challenges of online learning, you can make the most of this opportunity and achieve your career goals.